Platform for compressor or fan blade

ABSTRACT

The platform of a compressor or fan blade is fabricated into two complementary separate halves adapted to surround the root of each blade to define together with a plurality thereof a smooth aerodynamic surface and each half having depending arms at the ends adapted to fit into the dovetail of the blade disc transmitting the centrifugal load of the platform independent of the blade loads.

h v United States Patent 1191 [111 3,801,222 Violette Apr. *2, 1974 [54] PLATFORM FOR COMPRESSOR OR FAN 2,819,870 l/1958 Wayne 416/248 BLADE 2,825,530 3/1958 Schum et al..... 416/248 X 2,967,043 1/1961 Dennis 416/221 Inventor: J A- Violette, y, n 3,008,689 11/1961 Morley et al. 416 221 [731 Assignees: United Aircm corpomfiqn, Egslwh 3,294,364 12/1966 Stanley 416/221 UX I V Hartford, Conn. Primary ExaminerEverette A. Powell, Jr. [22] Filed 1972 Attorney, Agent, or FirmNorman Friedland [21] Appl. No.: 229,872

' [57] ABSTRACT 52 U.S. Cl. 416 220 416 248 {mi 1m. 01. 1 01a s/32 The a blade is 58 Field of Search 416/219-221, into two complementary Separate halves 416/248 215 214 193 adapted to surround the root of each blade to define together with a plurality thereof a smooth aerody- [56] References Cited namic surface and each half having depending arms at the ends adapted to fit into the dovetail of the blade UNITED STATES PATENTS disc transmitting the centrifugal load of the platform 2,656,146 Sollinger X independent of the blade loads 2,749,029 6/1956 Goetzel et al 416/248 X 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PLATFORM FOR COMPRESSOR OR FAN BLADE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to the platform of a compressor and moreparticularly to an improved platform that serves the multi-functions of providing an aerodynamically smooth surface, seal and centrifugal load transmitting means.

As is well known in the art the compressor of a jet engine typically includes a platform formed adjacent the disc and in proximity to the blade root. The platform normally serves to define an aerodynamic smooth surface and seals the working medium at this junction point. Also, typically, the platform is formed integrally with the blade and is not a load carrying member. In the integral platform-blade configuration care must be taken in the manufacturing thereof so that sufficient strength at the point where the platform radiates from the blade is provided since this is a high stress point, where breakage from fatigue is likely. Thus, in certain applications this area of the blade and platform must be beefed up. Additionally the sealing around the platform is generally accomplished by a seal extension machined integral with the disc which has proven to be a difficult and expensive operation.

I have found that not only can I obviate the stress problem of heretofore known compressor blades but in the case of a core-shell composite blade I can achieve greater dimensional latitude in the tab ending area. This is by virtue of my invention which contemplates fabricating the platform in a pair of mating halves to surround the blade at its tab ending. Additionally by providing properly shaped depending arms on the platform that fit into the dovetail slot of the disc, the platform can also serve the additional function of transmitting the centrifugal loads produced thereby to the disc and relieve this load which in some applications amounts to over one ton force from the platform. Furthermore, in accordance with my invention the complex and costly machine operation of forming the sealing structure on the disc is entirely eliminated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The primary object of this invention is to provide a platform for a compressor that is fabricated in-separate halves that surround the compressor blade at its tab ending and carries depending arms adapted to fit into the dovetail slot of the disc in such a manner as to transmit thereto the certrifugal loads produced by the rotating platform.

A further object of this invention is to provide an improved compressor platform fabricated into separate complementary halves that reduces the tab ending stress, provides means for transmitting the centrifugal load to the compressor disc, eliminates the disc seal structure and is especially efficacious for compressor blades fabricated from composite materials.

Other features and advantages will be apparent from the specification and claims and from the accompanying drawing which illustrate an embodiment of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the blade and platform.

FIG. 2 is a partial view in perspective of the assembled blade and platform of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a partial view partly'in elevation and partly in section, taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 4, showing the platform-blade mounted in thedovetail slot of the compressor disc.

FIG. 4 is a partial view in elevation taken endwise of FIG. 3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Reference is now made to FIGS. 1-4 illustrating the preferred embodiment of this invention as used on a compressor for a turbine type of power plant. The blade 10 comprises an airfoil shaped shell 12 which preferably is fabricated from a composite material such as boron epoxy or boron aluminum as described andclaimed in a patent application entitled Composite Fan Blade and Method of Construction filed by E. Rothman on even date and assigned to the same assignee. The spar 14, extends beyond shell 10 to form the root of the blade and defines a retention 15 that is adapted to fit into the dovetailslot 16 of compressor disc 18. The compressor disc obviously carries a plurality of such slots for supporting a like number of blades to form the'compressor rotor and only one being shown for the sake of clarity and simplicity.

The separable platform 20 is fabricated into two separate halves, the camber side half 22 and the face side half 24. Preferably, the platform like the core is fabricated from a suitable metal such as titanium. The inner edge of the platform surface 28 of face-side half 24 and the inner edge 30 of the platform 32 are shaped to complement the face and camber sides of shell 12.

Each platform half carries fore and aft depending arms 34,-34'- and 36, 36' the primed referenced numerals refer to like reference numerals being mating arms and each pair of arms being dimensioned to overlie the edges or end faces of retention 15 and extend downwardly to be substantially coextensive therewith as can best be seen in FIG. 2.

Each arm, 34, 34', 36 and 36' has defined thereon at its lower outer extremity a lip 38 each being identically dimensioned and each having a load transmitting face 40.

As can best be seen in FIG. 4 when retention 15 is inserted in the dovetail slot 16 of the disc 18, the load transmitting faces 40 mate with a complementary face formed in the dovetail slot. These mating faces serve to transmit the centrifugal loads which tends to force the platform outwardly in the direction of arrow A produced by the rotation of the platform.

Dowel pins 44 may be incorporated in arms 34' and 36 to mate complementary holes 42 formed in arms 34 and 36 to align the halves of the platform. It is apparent from FIG. 2 that the platform when assembled extends above the tab portion lower shell extremity portion of the blade. This provides a smooth transition of the blade shell and blade root when in the assembled position. It will also be apparent that no securing means are necessary to hold the halves in their relative positions.

The abutting edges 46, those edges that abut the next adjacent platform in the disc 18 form an air seal when assembled so as to prevent flow of air between adjacent fan blades and surfaces 47 prevent flow of air to adjacent stages. v

If necessary, the junction edges of the platform and shell in the assembled position may be treated with a suitable plastic material such as silicone rubberto seal off the root of the blade from the air working surfaces. Additionally, this treatment serves to permit slight movement of the blade relative to the platform occasioned by vibrations at high speed.

What has been shown by this invention is a twopiece, separable platform with a connection directly to the disc dovetail slot, independent of the blade. This assembly not only reduces tab ending stresses but also alleviates the retention loading occasioned by the centrifugal loads by transmitting this load through the platform directly to the disc.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of this novel concept as defined by the following claims.

I claim:

1. A compressor blade platform adapted to define a smooth aerodynamic surface when assembled in a compressor disc, said platform comprising for each blade supported by said compressor disc a pair of complementary elements each having a top platform surface which surfaces are contoured on one edge to closely accommodate the blade extending adjacent thereto, each blade having a root section having end faces extending into a slot formed in the compressor disc, each platform having depending members extending'from the ends thereof into said slot adjacent to and in overlapping relation with said end faces of said root section, each of said depending members having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc independently of the compressor blade.

2. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means includes a lip portion having a reaction surface bearing against a complementary surface adjacent said end faces of said root section formed in said compressor disc adjacent the slot formed therein and the root section transmits the load of the each having a top substantially flat platform surface which surfaces are contoured on an inner edge to closely accommodate the blade extending adjacent thereto, each platform having depending arms extending from the end thereof into a slot formed in the compressor disc, each of said arms having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc independently of the compressor blade, said blade having a retention portion having opposing side end faces formed at its root being supported in said slot formed in said compressor disc and said arms beingdisposed in overlying relation with said end faces.

5. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 4 wherein said depending arms are adjacent to and substantially coextensive with said end faces.

6 A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 4 including lip portions having force reaction surfaces formed on the lower end of said depending arm, a complementary reaction surface formed on said disc in said slot for receiving the load transmitted by said arms when said platform is rotating.

7. In combination, a compressor blade, a compressor blade platform adapted to define a smooth'aerodynamic surface when assembled in a compressor disc, said compressor blade having a retention formed at its root and supported in a slot formed in the compressor disc, said platform comprising a pair of complementary elements for each blade each having a top substantially flat platform surface which surfaces are contoured on an inner edge to closely surround the blade supported in said compressor disc and extending adjacent thereto, each platform having spaced depending arms substantially dimensioned the length of said retention and extending from the end of said platform into said slot formed in the compressor disc, each of said arms having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc in-' dependently of the compressor blade and each of said arms overlying the side faces of said root of the blade.

8. The combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein each of said depending arms carries rearwardly relative to said blade facing lip portion, a force reaction surface formed on the upper edge of said lip, a complementary reaction face formed in said disc engaging said reaction surface formed on said lip preventing said platform from moving radially outward with respect to the rotating center line when said platform rotates. 

1. A compressor blade platform adapted to define a smooth aerodynamic surface when assembled in a compressor disc, said platform comprising for each blade supported by said compressor disc a pair of complementary elements each having a top platform surface which surfaces are contoured on one edge to closely accommodate the blade extending adjacent thereto, each blade having a root section having end faces extending into a slot formed in the compressor disc, each platform having depending members extending from the ends thereof into said slot adjacent to and in overlapping relation with said end faces of said root section, each of said depending members having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc independently of the compressor blade.
 2. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means includes a lip portion having a reaction surface bearing against a complementary surface adjacent said end faces of said root section formed in said compressor disc adjacent the slot formed therein and the root section transmits the load of the blade and said means transmits the load of the platform.
 3. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 1 wherein said platform includes a side edge outwardly of said contoured edge adapted to engage the next adjacent platform supported in said compressor disc.
 4. A compressor blade platform adapted to define a smooth aerodynamic surface when assembled in a compressor disc, said platform comprising a pair of complementary elements for each blade supported by said disc each having a top substantially flat platform surface which surfaces are contoured on an inner edge to closely accommodate the blade extending adjacent thereto, each platform having depending arms extending from the end thereof into a slot formed in the compressor disc, each of said arms having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc independently of the compressor blade, said blade having a retention portion having opposing side end faces formed at its root being supported in said slot formed in said compressor disc and said arms being disposed in overlying relation with said end faces.
 5. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 4 wherein said depending arms are adjacent to and substantially coextensive with said end faces.
 6. A compressor blade platform as claimed in claim 4 including lip portions having force reaction surfaces formed on the lower end of said depending arm, a complementary reaction surface formed on said disc in said slot for receiving the load transmitted by said arms when said platform is rotating.
 7. In combination, a compressor blade, a compressor blade platform adapted to define a smooth aerodynamic surface when assembled in a compressor disc, said compressor blade having a retention formed at its root and supported in a slot formed in the compressor disc, said platform comprising a pair of complementary elements for each blade each having a top substantially flat platform surface which surfaces are contoured on an inner edge to closely surround the blade supported in said compressor disc and extending adjacent thereto, each platform having spaced depending arms substantially dimensioned the length of said retention and extending from the end of said platform into said slot formed in the compressor disc, each of said arms having means formed thereon for transmitting the load imposed by the rotation of said platform onto said disc independently of the compressor blade and each of said arms overlying the side faces of said Root of the blade.
 8. The combination as claimed in claim 7 wherein each of said depending arms carries rearwardly relative to said blade facing lip portion, a force reaction surface formed on the upper edge of said lip, a complementary reaction face formed in said disc engaging said reaction surface formed on said lip preventing said platform from moving radially outward with respect to the rotating center line when said platform rotates. 